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Significant Pipeline Incidents By Cause

This report is a sub-report of the PHMSA Significant Pipeline Incidents report. As such, it represents Significant Incidents (A) only over the time period and pipeline system specified.

The data source for this table is the PHMSA Filtered Incident Files. (1) (2) (3)

More Pipeline Incidents and Mileage Reports are available.

Important Update: As of October 2009, these reports were modified to exclude Gas Distribution incidents where fire/explosion was the primary cause of failure, such as a house fire that subsequently resulted in - but was not caused by - a distribution line failure (B)
National All Pipeline Systems: Significant Incident Details: 2008
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number (B) % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 20 7.5% 0 2 $15,137,502 3.4%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 26 9.8% 0 0 $8,925,136 2.0%
Sub Total 46 17.3% 0 2 $24,062,638 5.4%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 9 3.4% 0 5 $1,233,331 0.2%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 29 10.9% 1 6 $12,240,430 2.7%
Sub Total 38 14.3% 1 11 $13,473,761 3.0%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 23 8.6% 0 5 $2,559,396 0.5%
Sub Total 23 8.6% 0 5 $2,559,396 0.5%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 9 3.4% 0 5 $5,742,999 1.3%
BUTT WELD 5 1.8% 0 0 $1,226,058 0.2%
COMPONENT 8 3.0% 0 1 $18,010,369 4.1%
FILLET WELD 2 0.7% 0 0 $784,358 0.1%
JOINT 9 3.4% 0 0 $3,078,352 0.7%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 5 1.8% 0 0 $1,846,683 0.4%
PIPE SEAM WELD 6 2.2% 0 0 $14,266,131 3.2%
RUPTURED OR LEAKING SEAL/PUMP PACKING 8 3.0% 0 0 $2,787,911 0.6%
THREADS STRIPPED, BROKEN PIPE COUPLING 3 1.1% 0 0 $203,668 0.0%
Sub Total 55 20.7% 0 6 $47,946,529 10.9%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 6 2.2% 0 0 $9,928,705 2.2%
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 14 5.2% 0 0 $49,832,741 11.3%
HIGH WINDS 6 2.2% 0 3 $135,961,385 31.0%
LIGHTNING 4 1.5% 0 0 $10,493,148 2.3%
TEMPERATURE 1 0.3% 0 0 $110,732 0.0%
Sub Total 31 11.7% 0 3 $206,326,711 47.0%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 21 7.9% 1 6 $38,754,471 8.8%
RUPTURE OF PREVIOUSLY DAMAGED PIPE 1 0.3% 0 0 $205,000 0.0%
VANDALISM 2 0.7% 0 3 $250,000 0.0%
Sub Total 24 9.0% 1 9 $39,209,471 8.9%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 17 6.4% 1 6 $25,179,491 5.7%
UNKNOWN 31 11.7% 5 21 $79,635,269 18.1%
Sub Total 48 18.1% 6 27 $104,814,760 23.9%
Totals 265 100.0% 8 63 $438,393,266 100.0%
National, All Pipeline Systems, 2008
National Hazardous Liquid: Significant Incident Details: 2008
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 10 8.7% 0 0 $4,422,669 3.9%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 17 14.9% 0 0 $3,834,814 3.4%
Sub Total 27 23.6% 0 0 $8,257,483 7.3%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 4 3.5% 0 1 $363,046 0.3%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 13 11.4% 0 0 $5,827,641 5.2%
Sub Total 17 14.9% 0 1 $6,190,687 5.5%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 15 13.1% 0 0 $2,067,019 1.8%
Sub Total 15 13.1% 0 0 $2,067,019 1.8%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 6 5.2% 0 0 $5,348,299 4.7%
BUTT WELD 1 0.8% 0 0 $289,000 0.2%
COMPONENT 3 2.6% 0 0 $262,557 0.2%
FILLET WELD 2 1.7% 0 0 $784,358 0.7%
JOINT 7 6.1% 0 0 $2,040,352 1.8%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 2 1.7% 0 0 $112,600 0.1%
PIPE SEAM WELD 5 4.3% 0 0 $14,142,031 12.6%
RUPTURED OR LEAKING SEAL/PUMP PACKING 7 6.1% 0 0 $2,637,911 2.3%
THREADS STRIPPED, BROKEN PIPE COUPLING 3 2.6% 0 0 $203,668 0.1%
Sub Total 36 31.5% 0 0 $25,820,776 23.0%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 2 1.7% 0 0 $7,482,505 6.6%
LIGHTNING 2 1.7% 0 0 $9,766,142 8.7%
TEMPERATURE 1 0.8% 0 0 $110,732 0.1%
Sub Total 5 4.3% 0 0 $17,359,379 15.5%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 2 1.7% 1 0 $617,100 0.5%
Sub Total 2 1.7% 1 0 $617,100 0.5%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 4 3.5% 0 0 $7,425,268 6.6%
UNKNOWN 8 7.0% 1 1 $44,175,161 39.4%
Sub Total 12 10.5% 1 1 $51,600,429 46.1%
Totals 114 100.0% 2 2 $111,912,873 100.0%
National, Hazardous Liquid, 2008
National Hazardous Liquid Onshore: Significant Incident Details: 2008
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 10 8.7% 0 0 $4,422,669 3.9%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 17 14.9% 0 0 $3,834,814 3.4%
Sub Total 27 23.6% 0 0 $8,257,483 7.3%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 4 3.5% 0 1 $363,046 0.3%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 13 11.4% 0 0 $5,827,641 5.2%
Sub Total 17 14.9% 0 1 $6,190,687 5.5%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 15 13.1% 0 0 $2,067,019 1.8%
Sub Total 15 13.1% 0 0 $2,067,019 1.8%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 6 5.2% 0 0 $5,348,299 4.7%
BUTT WELD 1 0.8% 0 0 $289,000 0.2%
COMPONENT 3 2.6% 0 0 $262,557 0.2%
FILLET WELD 2 1.7% 0 0 $784,358 0.7%
JOINT 7 6.1% 0 0 $2,040,352 1.8%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 2 1.7% 0 0 $112,600 0.1%
PIPE SEAM WELD 5 4.3% 0 0 $14,142,031 12.6%
RUPTURED OR LEAKING SEAL/PUMP PACKING 7 6.1% 0 0 $2,637,911 2.3%
THREADS STRIPPED, BROKEN PIPE COUPLING 3 2.6% 0 0 $203,668 0.1%
Sub Total 36 31.5% 0 0 $25,820,776 23.0%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 1 0.8% 0 0 $482,505 0.4%
LIGHTNING 2 1.7% 0 0 $9,766,142 8.7%
TEMPERATURE 1 0.8% 0 0 $110,732 0.1%
Sub Total 4 3.5% 0 0 $10,359,379 9.2%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 2 1.7% 1 0 $617,100 0.5%
Sub Total 2 1.7% 1 0 $617,100 0.5%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 4 3.5% 0 0 $7,425,268 6.6%
UNKNOWN 7 6.1% 1 1 $44,025,125 39.3%
Sub Total 11 9.6% 1 1 $51,450,393 45.9%
Totals 112 98.2% 2 2 $104,762,837 93.6%
National, Hazardous Liquid Onshore, 2008
National Hazardous Liquid Offshore: Significant Incident Details: 2008
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 1 0.8% 0 0 $7,000,000 6.2%
Sub Total 1 0.8% 0 0 $7,000,000 6.2%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
UNKNOWN 1 0.8% 0 0 $150,036 0.1%
Sub Total 1 0.8% 0 0 $150,036 0.1%
Totals 2 1.7% 0 0 $7,150,036 6.3%
National, Hazardous Liquid Offshore, 2008
National Gas Transmission: Significant Incident Details: 2008
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 6 9.2% 0 0 $9,115,438 5.1%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 6 9.2% 0 0 $4,000,322 2.2%
Sub Total 12 18.4% 0 0 $13,115,760 7.4%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 4 6.1% 0 1 $645,285 0.3%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 4 6.1% 0 0 $814,111 0.4%
Sub Total 8 12.3% 0 1 $1,459,396 0.8%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 3 4.6% 0 2 $113,526 0.0%
Sub Total 3 4.6% 0 2 $113,526 0.0%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 1 1.5% 0 0 $187,500 0.1%
BUTT WELD 3 4.6% 0 0 $581,558 0.3%
COMPONENT 3 4.6% 0 1 $469,353 0.2%
JOINT 2 3.0% 0 0 $1,038,000 0.5%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 2 3.0% 0 0 $1,208,250 0.6%
PIPE SEAM WELD 1 1.5% 0 0 $124,100 0.0%
Sub Total 12 18.4% 0 1 $3,608,761 2.0%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 1 1.5% 0 0 $530,000 0.3%
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 12 18.4% 0 0 $49,487,081 28.1%
HIGH WINDS 2 3.0% 0 0 $78,670,000 44.7%
LIGHTNING 1 1.5% 0 0 $197,000 0.1%
Sub Total 16 24.6% 0 0 $128,884,081 73.2%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 5 7.6% 0 1 $8,245,602 4.6%
Sub Total 5 7.6% 0 1 $8,245,602 4.6%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 6 9.2% 0 0 $15,817,348 8.9%
UNKNOWN 3 4.6% 0 0 $4,715,692 2.6%
Sub Total 9 13.8% 0 0 $20,533,040 11.6%
Totals 65 100.0% 0 5 $175,960,166 100.0%
National, Gas Transmission, 2008
National Gas Transmission Onshore: Significant Incident Details: 2008
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 6 9.2% 0 0 $9,115,438 5.1%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 4 6.1% 0 0 $2,331,622 1.3%
Sub Total 10 15.3% 0 0 $11,447,060 6.5%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 4 6.1% 0 1 $645,285 0.3%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 4 6.1% 0 0 $814,111 0.4%
Sub Total 8 12.3% 0 1 $1,459,396 0.8%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 3 4.6% 0 2 $113,526 0.0%
Sub Total 3 4.6% 0 2 $113,526 0.0%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 1 1.5% 0 0 $187,500 0.1%
BUTT WELD 2 3.0% 0 0 $349,058 0.2%
COMPONENT 3 4.6% 0 1 $469,353 0.2%
JOINT 1 1.5% 0 0 $510,000 0.2%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 2 3.0% 0 0 $1,208,250 0.6%
PIPE SEAM WELD 1 1.5% 0 0 $124,100 0.0%
Sub Total 10 15.3% 0 1 $2,848,261 1.6%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 1 1.5% 0 0 $530,000 0.3%
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 1 1.5% 0 0 $818,910 0.4%
HIGH WINDS 2 3.0% 0 0 $78,670,000 44.7%
LIGHTNING 1 1.5% 0 0 $197,000 0.1%
Sub Total 5 7.6% 0 0 $80,215,910 45.5%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 5 7.6% 0 1 $8,245,602 4.6%
Sub Total 5 7.6% 0 1 $8,245,602 4.6%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 3 4.6% 0 0 $783,290 0.4%
UNKNOWN 2 3.0% 0 0 $4,365,692 2.4%
Sub Total 5 7.6% 0 0 $5,148,982 2.9%
Totals 46 70.7% 0 5 $109,478,737 62.2%
National, Gas Transmission Onshore, 2008
National Gas Transmission Offshore: Significant Incident Details: 2008
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, INTERNAL 2 3.0% 0 0 $1,668,700 0.9%
Sub Total 2 3.0% 0 0 $1,668,700 0.9%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BUTT WELD 1 1.5% 0 0 $232,500 0.1%
JOINT 1 1.5% 0 0 $528,000 0.3%
Sub Total 2 3.0% 0 0 $760,500 0.4%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 11 16.9% 0 0 $48,668,171 27.6%
Sub Total 11 16.9% 0 0 $48,668,171 27.6%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 3 4.6% 0 0 $15,034,058 8.5%
UNKNOWN 1 1.5% 0 0 $350,000 0.2%
Sub Total 4 6.1% 0 0 $15,384,058 8.7%
Totals 19 29.2% 0 0 $66,481,429 37.7%
National, Gas Transmission Offshore, 2008
National Gas Gathering: Significant Incident Details: 2008
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 2 14.2% 0 0 $1,480,335 1.3%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 3 21.4% 0 0 $1,090,000 0.9%
Sub Total 5 35.7% 0 0 $2,570,335 2.2%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
COMPONENT 2 14.2% 0 0 $17,278,459 15.2%
Sub Total 2 14.2% 0 0 $17,278,459 15.2%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 1 7.1% 0 0 $830,000 0.7%
HIGH WINDS 1 7.1% 0 0 $36,820,000 32.4%
Sub Total 2 14.2% 0 0 $37,650,000 33.1%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 1 7.1% 0 0 $28,198,753 24.8%
Sub Total 1 7.1% 0 0 $28,198,753 24.8%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 2 14.2% 0 0 $1,482,650 1.3%
UNKNOWN 2 14.2% 0 0 $26,307,378 23.1%
Sub Total 4 28.5% 0 0 $27,790,028 24.4%
Totals 14 100.0% 0 0 $113,487,575 100.0%
National, Gas Gathering, 2008
National Gas Distribution: Significant Incident Details: 2008
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number (B) % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 2 2.7% 0 2 $119,060 0.3%
Sub Total 2 2.7% 0 2 $119,060 0.3%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 1 1.3% 0 3 $225,000 0.6%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 12 16.6% 1 6 $5,598,678 15.1%
Sub Total 13 18.0% 1 9 $5,823,678 15.7%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 5 6.9% 0 3 $378,851 1.0%
Sub Total 5 6.9% 0 3 $378,851 1.0%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 2 2.7% 0 5 $207,200 0.5%
BUTT WELD 1 1.3% 0 0 $355,500 0.9%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 1 1.3% 0 0 $525,833 1.4%
RUPTURED OR LEAKING SEAL/PUMP PACKING 1 1.3% 0 0 $150,000 0.4%
Sub Total 5 6.9% 0 5 $1,238,533 3.3%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 2 2.7% 0 0 $1,086,200 2.9%
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 2 2.7% 0 0 $345,660 0.9%
HIGH WINDS 3 4.1% 0 3 $20,471,385 55.2%
LIGHTNING 1 1.3% 0 0 $530,006 1.4%
Sub Total 8 11.1% 0 3 $22,433,251 60.5%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 13 18.0% 0 5 $1,693,016 4.5%
RUPTURE OF PREVIOUSLY DAMAGED PIPE 1 1.3% 0 0 $205,000 0.5%
VANDALISM 2 2.7% 0 3 $250,000 0.6%
Sub Total 16 22.2% 0 8 $2,148,016 5.8%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 5 6.9% 1 6 $454,225 1.2%
UNKNOWN 18 25.0% 4 20 $4,437,038 11.9%
Sub Total 23 31.9% 5 26 $4,891,263 13.2%
Totals 72 100.0% 6 56 $37,032,652 100.0%
National, Gas Distribution, 2008

Notes

  1. Significant Incidents are those incidents reported by pipeline operators with any of the following conditions are met: 1) fatality or injury requiring in-patient hospitalization. 2) $50,000 or more in total costs, measured in 1984 dollars. 3) highly volatile liquid releases of 5 barrels or more or other liquid releases of 50 barrels or more. 4) liquid releases resulting in an unintentional fire or explosion. Note: Significant Incidents include all Serious Incidents. Unless otherwise noted, any counts of Significant Incidents also include Serious Incidents.
  2. Gas Distribution incidents where fire/explosion was the primary cause of failure, such as a house fire that subsequently resulted in - but was not caused by - a distribution line failure are excluded from 2004 onward. This exclusion has not been applied in years prior to 2004 due to difficulty in identifying these types of events with the older report formats.
  3. PHMSA has gathered increasingly targeted incident cause data over time. As such, the available reportable categories of cause (eg: Internal/External Corrosion vs Corrosion in general) have increased over time. This report spans time periods over which the reportable cause categories have changed. The cause categories in this report should be taken as general and not specific for years prior to 2002 for Liquid and Gas Transmission, and prior to 2004 for Gas Distribution.
  4. The costs for incidents prior to 2008 are presented in 2008 dollars. Cost of Gas lost is indexed via the Energy Information Administration, Natural Gas City Gate Prices. All other costs are adjusted via the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Government Printing Office inflation values.
  5. For years 2002 and later, property damage is estimated as the sum of all public and private costs reported in the 30-day incident report. For years prior to 2002, accident report forms did not include a breakdown of public and private costs so property damage for these years is the reported total property damage field in the report. All costs prior to 2008 are expressed in 2008 dollars.
  6. Does not include 1,851 injuries that required medical treatment reported for the October, 1994 accidents that were caused by severe flooding near Houston, Texas.

Sources

  1. PHMSA Hazardous Liquid Flagged Incidents File - October 14, 2009
  2. PHMSA Gas Transmission Flagged Incidents File - October 14, 2009
  3. PHMSA Gas Distribution Flagged Incidents File - October 14, 2009

See Pipeline Incidents and Mileage Reports for more pipeline safety reports.

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