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Significant Pipeline Incidents By Cause

This report is a sub-report of the PHMSA Significant Pipeline Incidents report. As such, it represents Significant Incidents (A) only over the time period and pipeline system specified.

The data source for this table is the PHMSA Filtered Incident Files. (1) (2) (3)

More Pipeline Incidents and Mileage Reports are available.

Important Update: As of October 2009, these reports were modified to exclude Gas Distribution incidents where fire/explosion was the primary cause of failure, such as a house fire that subsequently resulted in - but was not caused by - a distribution line failure (B)
National All Pipeline Systems: Significant Incident Details: 2006
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number (B) % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 24 9.3% 1 3 $12,854,590 9.4%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 32 12.4% 0 0 $16,013,685 11.7%
Sub Total 56 21.7% 1 3 $28,868,275 21.2%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 6 2.3% 0 1 $650,491 0.4%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 37 14.4% 8 13 $13,484,849 9.9%
Sub Total 43 16.7% 8 14 $14,135,341 10.3%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 11 4.2% 0 3 $1,438,127 1.0%
Sub Total 11 4.2% 0 3 $1,438,127 1.0%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 3 1.1% 0 0 $498,737 0.3%
BUTT WELD 9 3.5% 0 0 $2,531,198 1.8%
COMPONENT 10 3.8% 0 1 $3,623,030 2.6%
FILLET WELD 4 1.5% 0 0 $1,270,664 0.9%
JOINT 3 1.1% 0 0 $607,500 0.4%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 7 2.7% 0 0 $1,250,591 0.9%
PIPE SEAM WELD 9 3.5% 0 0 $8,198,658 6.0%
RUPTURED OR LEAKING SEAL/PUMP PACKING 8 3.1% 0 0 $14,102,413 10.3%
THREADS STRIPPED, BROKEN PIPE COUPLING 9 3.5% 0 0 $661,447 0.4%
Sub Total 62 24.1% 0 1 $32,744,242 24.0%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 1 0.3% 0 0 $381,589 0.2%
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 5 1.9% 0 0 $13,533,601 9.9%
HIGH WINDS 1 0.3% 0 0 $104,311 0.0%
LIGHTNING 4 1.5% 4 1 $6,353,625 4.6%
Sub Total 11 4.2% 4 1 $20,373,127 14.9%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 19 7.3% 3 4 $9,745,980 7.1%
FIRE/EXPLOSION AS PRIMARY CAUSE 3 1.1% 0 1 $169,830 0.1%
RUPTURE OF PREVIOUSLY DAMAGED PIPE 5 1.9% 0 0 $10,476,707 7.7%
VANDALISM 1 0.3% 0 0 $42,457 0.0%
Sub Total 28 10.8% 3 5 $20,434,975 15.0%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 26 10.1% 0 6 $11,815,686 8.6%
UNKNOWN 20 7.7% 3 2 $6,212,583 4.5%
Sub Total 46 17.9% 3 8 $18,028,270 13.2%
Totals 257 100.0% 19 35 $136,022,360 100.0%
National, All Pipeline Systems, 2006
National Hazardous Liquid: Significant Incident Details: 2006
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 14 13.2% 0 2 $9,910,164 15.1%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 18 16.9% 0 0 $5,318,137 8.1%
Sub Total 32 30.1% 0 2 $15,228,302 23.2%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 3 2.8% 0 0 $399,684 0.6%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 10 9.4% 0 0 $3,595,361 5.4%
Sub Total 13 12.2% 0 0 $3,995,046 6.1%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 6 5.6% 0 0 $151,287 0.2%
Sub Total 6 5.6% 0 0 $151,287 0.2%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 1 0.9% 0 0 $207,022 0.3%
BUTT WELD 2 1.8% 0 0 $688,738 1.0%
COMPONENT 2 1.8% 0 0 $295,667 0.4%
FILLET WELD 4 3.7% 0 0 $1,270,664 1.9%
JOINT 1 0.9% 0 0 $340,026 0.5%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 4 3.7% 0 0 $381,918 0.5%
PIPE SEAM WELD 6 5.6% 0 0 $7,229,204 11.0%
RUPTURED OR LEAKING SEAL/PUMP PACKING 5 4.7% 0 0 $2,199,954 3.3%
THREADS STRIPPED, BROKEN PIPE COUPLING 7 6.6% 0 0 $236,872 0.3%
Sub Total 32 30.1% 0 0 $12,850,068 19.6%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 2 1.8% 0 0 $11,178,597 17.0%
LIGHTNING 3 2.8% 0 0 $6,353,625 9.7%
Sub Total 5 4.7% 0 0 $17,532,222 26.7%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 2 1.8% 0 0 $6,491,080 9.9%
FIRE/EXPLOSION AS PRIMARY CAUSE 1 0.9% 0 0 $10,614 0.0%
RUPTURE OF PREVIOUSLY DAMAGED PIPE 2 1.8% 0 0 $6,930,682 10.5%
VANDALISM 1 0.9% 0 0 $42,457 0.0%
Sub Total 6 5.6% 0 0 $13,474,834 20.5%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 10 9.4% 0 0 $1,421,239 2.1%
UNKNOWN 2 1.8% 0 0 $831,318 1.2%
Sub Total 12 11.3% 0 0 $2,252,558 3.4%
Totals 106 100.0% 0 2 $65,484,319 100.0%
National, Hazardous Liquid, 2006
National Hazardous Liquid Onshore: Significant Incident Details: 2006
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 14 13.2% 0 2 $9,910,164 15.1%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 18 16.9% 0 0 $5,318,137 8.1%
Sub Total 32 30.1% 0 2 $15,228,302 23.2%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 3 2.8% 0 0 $399,684 0.6%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 10 9.4% 0 0 $3,595,361 5.4%
Sub Total 13 12.2% 0 0 $3,995,046 6.1%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 6 5.6% 0 0 $151,287 0.2%
Sub Total 6 5.6% 0 0 $151,287 0.2%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 1 0.9% 0 0 $207,022 0.3%
BUTT WELD 2 1.8% 0 0 $688,738 1.0%
COMPONENT 2 1.8% 0 0 $295,667 0.4%
FILLET WELD 4 3.7% 0 0 $1,270,664 1.9%
JOINT 1 0.9% 0 0 $340,026 0.5%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 4 3.7% 0 0 $381,918 0.5%
PIPE SEAM WELD 6 5.6% 0 0 $7,229,204 11.0%
RUPTURED OR LEAKING SEAL/PUMP PACKING 5 4.7% 0 0 $2,199,954 3.3%
THREADS STRIPPED, BROKEN PIPE COUPLING 7 6.6% 0 0 $236,872 0.3%
Sub Total 32 30.1% 0 0 $12,850,068 19.6%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 1 0.9% 0 0 $1,094,873 1.6%
LIGHTNING 3 2.8% 0 0 $6,353,625 9.7%
Sub Total 4 3.7% 0 0 $7,448,498 11.3%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 1 0.9% 0 0 $753,620 1.1%
FIRE/EXPLOSION AS PRIMARY CAUSE 1 0.9% 0 0 $10,614 0.0%
RUPTURE OF PREVIOUSLY DAMAGED PIPE 2 1.8% 0 0 $6,930,682 10.5%
VANDALISM 1 0.9% 0 0 $42,457 0.0%
Sub Total 5 4.7% 0 0 $7,737,375 11.8%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 10 9.4% 0 0 $1,421,239 2.1%
UNKNOWN 1 0.9% 0 0 $191,271 0.2%
Sub Total 11 10.3% 0 0 $1,612,510 2.4%
Totals 103 97.1% 0 2 $49,023,089 74.8%
National, Hazardous Liquid Onshore, 2006
National Hazardous Liquid Offshore: Significant Incident Details: 2006
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 1 0.9% 0 0 $10,083,723 15.4%
Sub Total 1 0.9% 0 0 $10,083,723 15.4%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 1 0.9% 0 0 $5,737,459 8.7%
Sub Total 1 0.9% 0 0 $5,737,459 8.7%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
UNKNOWN 1 0.9% 0 0 $640,047 0.9%
Sub Total 1 0.9% 0 0 $640,047 0.9%
Totals 3 2.8% 0 0 $16,461,230 25.1%
National, Hazardous Liquid Offshore, 2006
National Gas Transmission: Significant Incident Details: 2006
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 7 8.8% 0 0 $2,763,446 6.7%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 8 10.1% 0 0 $3,072,318 7.5%
Sub Total 15 18.9% 0 0 $5,835,765 14.3%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 2 2.5% 0 0 $249,469 0.6%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 7 8.8% 3 0 $3,413,451 8.3%
Sub Total 9 11.3% 3 0 $3,662,920 8.9%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 3 3.8% 0 1 $224,084 0.5%
Sub Total 3 3.8% 0 1 $224,084 0.5%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 2 2.5% 0 0 $291,714 0.7%
BUTT WELD 7 8.8% 0 0 $1,842,460 4.5%
COMPONENT 6 7.5% 0 0 $3,167,861 7.7%
JOINT 2 2.5% 0 0 $267,474 0.6%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 3 3.8% 0 0 $868,673 2.1%
PIPE SEAM WELD 3 3.8% 0 0 $969,454 2.3%
RUPTURED OR LEAKING SEAL/PUMP PACKING 3 3.8% 0 0 $11,902,458 29.2%
THREADS STRIPPED, BROKEN PIPE COUPLING 1 1.2% 0 0 $265,359 0.6%
Sub Total 27 34.1% 0 0 $19,575,456 48.0%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 1 1.2% 0 0 $381,589 0.9%
Sub Total 1 1.2% 0 0 $381,589 0.9%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 5 6.3% 0 1 $609,234 1.5%
FIRE/EXPLOSION AS PRIMARY CAUSE 2 2.5% 0 1 $159,215 0.3%
RUPTURE OF PREVIOUSLY DAMAGED PIPE 1 1.2% 0 0 $671,413 1.6%
Sub Total 8 10.1% 0 2 $1,439,864 3.5%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 9 11.3% 0 0 $6,510,213 15.9%
UNKNOWN 7 8.8% 0 1 $3,104,839 7.6%
Sub Total 16 20.2% 0 1 $9,615,052 23.6%
Totals 79 100.0% 3 4 $40,734,734 100.0%
National, Gas Transmission, 2006
National Gas Transmission Onshore: Significant Incident Details: 2006
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 7 8.8% 0 0 $2,763,446 6.7%
CORROSION, INTERNAL 4 5.0% 0 0 $1,818,017 4.4%
Sub Total 11 13.9% 0 0 $4,581,464 11.2%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 2 2.5% 0 0 $249,469 0.6%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 7 8.8% 3 0 $3,413,451 8.3%
Sub Total 9 11.3% 3 0 $3,662,920 8.9%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 3 3.8% 0 1 $224,084 0.5%
Sub Total 3 3.8% 0 1 $224,084 0.5%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BODY OF PIPE 2 2.5% 0 0 $291,714 0.7%
BUTT WELD 6 7.5% 0 0 $1,619,410 3.9%
COMPONENT 2 2.5% 0 0 $517,396 1.2%
JOINT 2 2.5% 0 0 $267,474 0.6%
MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL/RELIEF EQUIPMENT 3 3.8% 0 0 $868,673 2.1%
PIPE SEAM WELD 3 3.8% 0 0 $969,454 2.3%
RUPTURED OR LEAKING SEAL/PUMP PACKING 3 3.8% 0 0 $11,902,458 29.2%
Sub Total 21 26.5% 0 0 $16,436,583 40.3%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
EARTH MOVEMENT 1 1.2% 0 0 $381,589 0.9%
Sub Total 1 1.2% 0 0 $381,589 0.9%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 3 3.8% 0 1 $274,841 0.6%
FIRE/EXPLOSION AS PRIMARY CAUSE 2 2.5% 0 1 $159,215 0.3%
RUPTURE OF PREVIOUSLY DAMAGED PIPE 1 1.2% 0 0 $671,413 1.6%
Sub Total 6 7.5% 0 2 $1,105,471 2.7%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 4 5.0% 0 0 $1,435,391 3.5%
UNKNOWN 5 6.3% 0 1 $2,711,074 6.6%
Sub Total 9 11.3% 0 1 $4,146,465 10.1%
Totals 60 75.9% 3 4 $30,538,579 74.9%
National, Gas Transmission Onshore, 2006
National Gas Transmission Offshore: Significant Incident Details: 2006
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, INTERNAL 4 5.0% 0 0 $1,254,300 3.0%
Sub Total 4 5.0% 0 0 $1,254,300 3.0%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
BUTT WELD 1 1.2% 0 0 $223,049 0.5%
COMPONENT 4 5.0% 0 0 $2,650,464 6.5%
THREADS STRIPPED, BROKEN PIPE COUPLING 1 1.2% 0 0 $265,359 0.6%
Sub Total 6 7.5% 0 0 $3,138,873 7.7%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 2 2.5% 0 0 $334,392 0.8%
Sub Total 2 2.5% 0 0 $334,392 0.8%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 5 6.3% 0 0 $5,074,821 12.4%
UNKNOWN 2 2.5% 0 0 $393,765 0.9%
Sub Total 7 8.8% 0 0 $5,468,587 13.4%
Totals 19 24.0% 0 0 $10,196,154 25.0%
National, Gas Transmission Offshore, 2006
National Gas Gathering: Significant Incident Details: 2006
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, INTERNAL 6 50.0% 0 0 $7,623,229 64.7%
Sub Total 6 50.0% 0 0 $7,623,229 64.7%
MAT'L/WELD/EQUIP FAILURE
COMPONENT 2 16.6% 0 1 $159,501 1.3%
THREADS STRIPPED, BROKEN PIPE COUPLING 1 8.3% 0 0 $159,215 1.3%
Sub Total 3 25.0% 0 1 $318,716 2.7%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
RUPTURE OF PREVIOUSLY DAMAGED PIPE 1 8.3% 0 0 $1,915,017 16.2%
Sub Total 1 8.3% 0 0 $1,915,017 16.2%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 1 8.3% 0 0 $1,592,156 13.5%
UNKNOWN 1 8.3% 0 0 $318,579 2.7%
Sub Total 2 16.6% 0 0 $1,910,735 16.2%
Totals 12 100.0% 0 1 $11,767,699 100.0%
National, Gas Gathering, 2006
National Gas Distribution: Significant Incident Details: 2006
Reported Cause of Incident (C) Number (B) % Fatalities Injuries Property Damage (D) (E) % of Property Damage
CORROSION
CORROSION, EXTERNAL 3 5.0% 1 1 $180,978 1.0%
Sub Total 3 5.0% 1 1 $180,978 1.0%
EXCAVATION DAMAGE
OPERATOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE 1 1.6% 0 1 $1,337 0.0%
THIRD PARTY EXCAVATION DAMAGE 20 33.3% 5 13 $6,476,036 35.9%
Sub Total 21 35.0% 5 14 $6,477,374 35.9%
INCORRECT OPERATION
INCORRECT OPERATION 2 3.3% 0 2 $1,062,755 5.8%
Sub Total 2 3.3% 0 2 $1,062,755 5.8%
NATURAL FORCE DAMAGE
HEAVY RAINS/FLOODS 3 5.0% 0 0 $2,355,004 13.0%
HIGH WINDS 1 1.6% 0 0 $104,311 0.5%
LIGHTNING 1 1.6% 4 1 $0 0.0%
Sub Total 5 8.3% 4 1 $2,459,316 13.6%
OTHER OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE
CAR, TRUCK OR OTHER VEHICLE NOT RELATED TO... 12 20.0% 3 3 $2,645,665 14.6%
RUPTURE OF PREVIOUSLY DAMAGED PIPE 1 1.6% 0 0 $959,593 5.3%
Sub Total 13 21.6% 3 3 $3,605,259 19.9%
ALL OTHER CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS 6 10.0% 0 6 $2,292,076 12.7%
UNKNOWN 10 16.6% 3 1 $1,957,846 10.8%
Sub Total 16 26.6% 3 7 $4,249,923 23.5%
Totals 60 100.0% 16 28 $18,035,606 100.0%
National, Gas Distribution, 2006

Notes

  1. Significant Incidents are those incidents reported by pipeline operators with any of the following conditions are met: 1) fatality or injury requiring in-patient hospitalization. 2) $50,000 or more in total costs, measured in 1984 dollars. 3) highly volatile liquid releases of 5 barrels or more or other liquid releases of 50 barrels or more. 4) liquid releases resulting in an unintentional fire or explosion. Note: Significant Incidents include all Serious Incidents. Unless otherwise noted, any counts of Significant Incidents also include Serious Incidents.
  2. Gas Distribution incidents where fire/explosion was the primary cause of failure, such as a house fire that subsequently resulted in - but was not caused by - a distribution line failure are excluded from 2004 onward. This exclusion has not been applied in years prior to 2004 due to difficulty in identifying these types of events with the older report formats.
  3. PHMSA has gathered increasingly targeted incident cause data over time. As such, the available reportable categories of cause (eg: Internal/External Corrosion vs Corrosion in general) have increased over time. This report spans time periods over which the reportable cause categories have changed. The cause categories in this report should be taken as general and not specific for years prior to 2002 for Liquid and Gas Transmission, and prior to 2004 for Gas Distribution.
  4. The costs for incidents prior to 2008 are presented in 2008 dollars. Cost of Gas lost is indexed via the Energy Information Administration, Natural Gas City Gate Prices. All other costs are adjusted via the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Government Printing Office inflation values.
  5. For years 2002 and later, property damage is estimated as the sum of all public and private costs reported in the 30-day incident report. For years prior to 2002, accident report forms did not include a breakdown of public and private costs so property damage for these years is the reported total property damage field in the report. All costs prior to 2008 are expressed in 2008 dollars.
  6. Does not include 1,851 injuries that required medical treatment reported for the October, 1994 accidents that were caused by severe flooding near Houston, Texas.

Sources

  1. PHMSA Hazardous Liquid Flagged Incidents File - October 14, 2009
  2. PHMSA Gas Transmission Flagged Incidents File - October 14, 2009
  3. PHMSA Gas Distribution Flagged Incidents File - October 14, 2009

See Pipeline Incidents and Mileage Reports for more pipeline safety reports.

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